LessingのThe Memoir of a Survivorにみる生成過程としての個人Saitoh_Family齋藤　一202006-07-05T08:38:00Z2006-09-14T01:47:00Z2006-09-14T01:47:00Z198756274613660111.5604LessingのThe Memoir of a Survivor(1974)にみる生成過程としての個人　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　29/07/2006　　　斉藤　佳代子こちら側の「現実」世界とは違う世界の存在を、居間の壁の向こう側に感じる。①. . . the consciousness of that other life, developing there so close to me, hidden from me, was a slow thing, coming precisely into the category of understanding we describe in the word “realize”, with its connotation of a gradual opening into comprehension. (Doris Lessing, The Memoir of a Survivor. Vintage, 1988, p.7)向こう側の世界・・・常に変化し流動的で固定化されていない②And there for backdrop was the ambiguous wall, which could so easily　dissolve, dissolving, too, all this extraneous life, and the anxieties and pressures of the time . . . and behind us that other indefinite region, shifting and melting and changing, where walls and doors and rooms and gardens and people continually re-created themselves, like clouds. (Ibid. pp.75-76)視点の共有　　→　　個人的体験の共有③. . . and two females joined in a ceremony of loving while the baby wriggled and responded and cooed. And the little girl watched. Everything around her was enormous: the room so large, warm, and high, the two women so tall and strong and disliking . . . I saw it as a small child might – that is, enormous and implacable – but at the same time I kept with me my knowledge that it was tiny and implacable – because petty, implacable . . . (Ibid. p.43) ④Who else could it possibly be but Emily’s mother, the large cart-horse woman, her tormentor, the world’s image? It was not Emily I took . . .I knew I was seeing an incident that was repeated again and again in Emily’s? her mother’s? early life. It was a continuing thing; had gone on, day after day, month after month. (Ibid. pp.149-50) 向こう側の世界とこちら側の「現実」世界との連動⑤It was about then I understood that the events on the pavements and what went on between me and Emily might have a connection with what I saw on my visits behind the wall. (Ibid. p.40)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓二つの世界の融和　　→　　ヒエラルキーの転覆　　→　　結末⑥I could hear it in the day, in my “real” life. . . . when I was in one world . . . the ordinary logical time-dominated world of everyday did not exist . . . . But now began a period when something of the flavour of the place behind the wall did continuously invade my real life. . . . two sounds [the sobbing of the child and the complaint of the mother] went on side by side, theme and descant . . . (Ibid. p.145)⑦ . . . though it was hard to maintain a knowledge of that other world . . . I did hold it. I kept in mind. . . . intimations of that life, or lives, became more powerful and frequent in “ordinary” life, as if that place were feeding and sustaining us, and wished us to know it. . . . as I came to the window after an escape into the space behind the wall, there would be a moment of doubt; my mind sway and have to steady itself as I reassured myself that no, what I was looking at was reality, was real life . . . (Ibid. pp.159-60) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　Bergson・The self is a real entity that experiences continuous growth by reabsorbing and reinscribing the whole of its experiences and perceptions at any single moment. . . . . The self cannot exist without memory, for the self is in fact memory. (Mary Ann Gillies, “Bergsonism; Time out of Mind”, in A Concise Companion to Modernism, p.104)60年代後半～70年代のイギリスにおける「文化」の変容⑧Styles in morals had changed so sharply and so often in my lifetime, and were so different in various sections of the community, that I had learned long ago to accept whatever was the norm for that particular time and place. (Ibid. p.154)Lessingの発言・Children of Violence・・a study of the individual conscience in its relation with the collective. (“The Small Personal Voice”, in Declaration, 1957, p.22). . . in reality I am the same person who wrote about the same themes.(“Testimony to Mysticism”, 1980, in Doris Lessing: Conversations, p.8)I do know that to be born in the year when half of Europe was a graveyard, and people were dying in millions all over the world – that was important. (Under My Skin. 1994, p.8)We are living at a time which is so dangerous, violent, explosive and precarious . . .(SPV, p.16)　　　19世紀のリアリズム作家に対する賞賛と言語の明示性に対する懐疑⑨Words, it seems, can no longer be used simply and naturally. All the great words like love, hate; life, death; loyalty, treachery; contain their opposite meanings and half a dozen shades of dubious implication. (SPV, p.14)⑩. . . words lose their meaning suddenly. I find myself listening to a sentence, a phrase, a group of words, as it they are in a foreign language – the gap between what they are supposed to mean, and what in fact they say seems unbridgeable. I have been thinking of the novels about the breakdown of language, like Finnegans Wake. (Lessing, The Golden Notebook, Flamingo, 1993, p.272)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1969 The Four Gated City 結末―リアリズム的手法から黙示録的世界へ1971 Briefing for a Descent into Hell―精神分裂病者が主人公　　医師との対話を異化(defamilialize)することで「妄想」と「現実」を反転1973 The Summer Before the Dark主人公の実生活での変容と夢の推移を並置Works CitedBergson, Henri. An Introduction to Metaphysics. Edit. T. E. Hulme. 1912. Cambridge: Hacket Publishing, 1999.Draine, Betsy. “Changing Frames: Doris Lessing’s Memoir of a Survivor” in Studies in the Novel (XI-1), 1979.MacCabe, Colin. Theoretical Essays: Film, Linguistics, Literature. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1985.Gardiner, Judith Kegan. “Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook” in A Companion to the British and Irish Novel, 1945-2000. Ed. B. Shaffer. Blackwell, 2005. Gasiorek, Andrezej. Post-War British Fiction: Realism and After. Edward Arnold, 1995.Gillies, Mary Ann. “Bergsonism: Time out of Mind” in A Concise Companion to Modernism. Ed. D. Bradshow. Blackwell, 2003.Lessing, Doris. The Grass Is Singing. 1950. Paladin, 1989.“The Small Personal Voice” in Declaration. MacGibbon & Kee, 1957.The Golden Notebook. 1962. Flamingo, 1993.The Four Gated City. 1969. Flamingo, 1993.Briefing for a Descent into Hell. 1971. Flamingo, 1995The Summer Before the Dark. 1973. Paladin, 1990..The Memoir of a Survivor. 1974. 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